This industry has followed a "monkey-see, monkey-do" model for 30 years. Pfizer and Merck have become so similar only a high-level insider would be able to discern them. One wonders why each of these top-ten pharmas have individual, over-compensated CEOs and BODs. They might better just collectively outsource this role to one single CEO or BOD for the lot of them. They used to be techs and were largely valued on growth. Now they are more like utilities or consumer products companies - merely pretending to be techs. In fact almost no so-called tech company is as low tech as a pharma. The discrepancy between what is technically achievable by applying known science and engineering and what is actually being done is massive. Electronics, chemistry, plastics, food science, materials science - arguably automobiles and even now construction - have all become significantly more high tech than the relatively backwards pharma. A lot of this has to do with the risk-averse regulatory environment; some of it has to do with the scientific neanderthals running the companies and the regulators. In short, whatever a Pfizer elects to do to make it through another year pretending to be great and powerful, Merck will emulate within months, and vice versa. But none of these marginal cosmetic changes will fundamentally break the inevitable trend to failure.