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Growth in the use of prescription drugs continues to slow
By Linda A. Johnson THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
TRENTON, N.J. — Spending on prescription drugs in the U.S. grew relatively slowly last year as fewer people started new prescriptions and more prescriptions were filled with cheaper generics, an industry study shows.
Americans and their insurers spent $307.4 billion on prescription drugs in 2010, up just 2.3 percent from the previous year. Growth had already slowed to 5.1 percent in 2009, from as much as 13 percent a year earlier in the decade.
The study released last month by the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics, an arm of health data firm IMS Health, shows the volume of prescription medicines that Americans used also increased at historically low levels.
That’s bad news for brand-name pharmaceutical companies — but may also be for doctors and patients.
The number of visits to doctors’ offices declined 4.2 percent in 2010, to 1.54 billion, according to the study. That downward trend began in mid-2009, as the employment rate remained stubbornly high and more people lost health insurance.
Pharmacies filled 0.5 percent fewer prescriptions in 2010 than in 2009 for pills, capsules and nasal spray medications — about 60 percent of total spending on medications. For medicines that are injected or infused, total volume rose even less, just 0.2 percent.
“These trends combined to make 2010 the second-lowest sales growth period ever measured by IMS,” said Michael Kleinrock, the institute’s director of research development. “The lowest was 2008.”
The number of patients starting new medicines for chronic illnesses in 2010 also declined. It fell by 3.4 million people from 2009, to 68.8 million.
“This has the potential to impact patients’ health,” Kleinrock said. “If they’re delaying necessary care, that could be pretty bad for their health.”
The chronic illness section of the report analyzed medication used for 17 conditions that account for nearly 70 percent of prescriptions for chronic conditions and nearly 40 percent of all prescriptions. Those illnesses include high blood pressure and cholesterol, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, depression, HIV, osteoporosis and attention deficit disorder.
In dollars, spending on chronic medications accounts for almost half of total spending, and big pharmaceutical companies have invested heavily in developing these medicines to ensure a steady revenue stream for many years.
That makes the drop in new patients starting chronic medicines a worrying trend for brand-name pharmaceutical companies, combined with the increasing difficulty of creating new drugs and with pricing pressure from insurance programs and encroachment by generic drug makers.
Spending on name-brand drugs fell 0.7 percent in 2010.
The use of generic drugs, which can cost a fraction of the price of brand-name medications, is skyrocketing, according to the IMS report. In 2010, generics accounted for 78 percent of all retail prescriptions filled, up from 63 percent in 2006.
Spending on unbranded generics rose 21.7 percent last year from 2009.
The generic surge helped insured patients’ wallets a bit, as the average prescription co-payment dipped 20 cents, to $10.73.
The average cost of pills and inhaled medicines declined 0.1 percent last year, while the average cost of intravenous medicines rose 5.7 percent.
IMS found 63 percent of prescriptions filled last year were covered by commercial insurance, down from 66 percent in 2006, while the share of prescriptions filled under Medicare or Medicaid jumped from 22 percent to 30 percent over that period.
Meanwhile, 44 new brand-name drugs were launched last year, many for rare disorders or with a mechanism of action similar to existing treatments. Those constraints limited average spending on the new products as patients and payers made careful choices based on economics.